"Business-regulator interaction in German and UK telecommunication and energy sectors: A multi-level and multi-institutional study"

The objective of this paper is to examine the interaction between companies and the changing regulatory map in key industries, namely energy (electricity and gas), and telecommunications. Companies operating in Germany and the UK are well placed to judge the efficacy of different regulatory institutions. Moreover, through their market and lobbying behaviour, such companies are an important influence in shaping the future direction of regulation. For these reason, we examined, through a set of interviews, how companies perceive regulation in Germany and the UK, and whether their actions provided pressure on national governments and European institutions for convergence of regulation or continued divergence